Compare Niue (2003) - Christmas Island (2006)

Compare Niue (2003) z Christmas Island (2006)

	Niue (2003)	Christmas Island (2006)

Administrative divisions	none; note - there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 14 villages at the second order	none (territory of Australia)
Age structure	0-14 years: NA% 15-64 years: NA% 65 years and over: NA% (2003 est.)	0-14 years: NA 15-64 years: NA 65 years and over: NA (2006 est.)
Agriculture - products	coconuts, passion fruit, honey, limes, taro, yams, cassava (tapioca), sweet potatoes; pigs, poultry, beef cattle	NA
Airports	1 (2002)	1 (2006)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2002)	total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2006)
Area	total: 260 sq km land: 260 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 135 sq km land: 135 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	1.5 times the size of Washington, DC	about three-quarters the size of Washington, DC
Background	Niue's remoteness, as well as cultural and linguistic differences between its Polynesian inhabitants and those of the rest of the Cook Islands, have caused it to be separately administered. The population of the island continues to drop (from a peak of 5,200 in 1966 to about 2,100 in 2002), with substantial emigration to New Zealand, 2,400 km to the southwest.	Named in 1643 for the day of its discovery, the island was annexed and settlement began by the UK in 1888. Phosphate mining began in the 1890s. The UK transferred sovereignty to Australia in 1958. Almost two-thirds of the island has been declared a national park.
Birth rate	NA births/1,000 population (2003 est.)	NA
Budget	revenues: $NA expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA	revenues: $NA expenditures: $NA
Capital	Alofi	name: The Settlement geographic coordinates: 18 44 N, 64 19 W time difference: UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Climate	tropical; modified by southeast trade winds	tropical with a wet and dry season; heat and humidity moderated by trade winds; wet season (December to April)
Coastline	64 km	138.9 km
Constitution	19 October 1974 (Niue Constitution Act)	Christmas Island Act of 1958-59 (1 October 1958) as amended by the Territories Law Reform Act of 1992
Country name	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Niue former: Savage Island	conventional long form: Territory of Christmas Island conventional short form: Christmas Island
Currency	New Zealand dollar (NZD)	-
Death rate	NA deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)	NA
Debt - external	$418,000 (2002 est.)	-
Dependency status	self-governing in free association with New Zealand since 1974; Niue fully responsible for internal affairs; New Zealand retains responsibility for external affairs and defense; however, these responsibilities confer no rights of control and are only exercised at the request of the Government of Niue	non-self governing territory of Australia; administered by the Australian Department of Transport and Regional Services
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand)	none (territory of Australia)
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand)	none (territory of Australia)
Disputes - international	none	none
Economic aid - recipient	$2.6 million from New Zealand (2002)	$NA
Economy - overview	The economy suffers from the typical Pacific island problems of geographic isolation, few resources, and a small population. Government expenditures regularly exceed revenues, and the shortfall is made up by critically needed grants from New Zealand that are used to pay wages to public employees. Niue has cut government expenditures by reducing the public service by almost half. The agricultural sector consists mainly of subsistence gardening, although some cash crops are grown for export. Industry consists primarily of small factories to process passion fruit, lime oil, honey, and coconut cream. The sale of postage stamps to foreign collectors is an important source of revenue. The island in recent years has suffered a serious loss of population because of migration of Niueans to New Zealand. Efforts to increase GDP include the promotion of tourism and a financial services industry, although Premier LAKATANI announced in February 2002 that Niue will shut down the offshore banking industry. Economic aid from New Zealand in 2002 was about $2.6 million.	Phosphate mining had been the only significant economic activity, but in December 1987 the Australian Government closed the mine. In 1991, the mine was reopened. With the support of the government, a $34 million casino opened in 1993. The casino closed in 1998. The Australian Government in 2001 agreed to support the creation of a commercial space-launching site on the island, projected to begin operations in the near future.
Electricity - consumption	2.79 million kWh (2001)	-
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2001)	-
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2001)	-
Electricity - production	3 million kWh (2001)	-
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2001)	-
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location near Mutalau settlement 68 m	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Murray Hill 361 m
Environment - current issues	increasing attention to conservationist practices to counter loss of soil fertility from traditional slash and burn agriculture	loss of rainforest; impact of phosphate mining
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea	-
Ethnic groups	Polynesian (with some 200 Europeans, Samoans, and Tongans)	Chinese 70%, European 20%, Malay 10% note: no indigenous population (2001)
Exchange rates	New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 2.162 (2002), 2.3776 (2001), 2.1863 (2000), 1.8886 (1999), 1.8629 (1998)	Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.3095 (2005), 1.3598 (2004), 1.5419 (2003), 1.8406 (2002), 1.9334 (2001)
Executive branch	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); the UK and New Zealand are represented by New Zealand High Commissioner John BRYAN (since NA May 2000) head of government: Premier Young VIVIAN (since 1 May 2002) cabinet: Cabinet consists of the premier and three ministers elections: the monarch is hereditary; premier elected by the Legislative Assembly for a three-year term; election last held 1 May 2002 (next to be held NA May 2005) election results: Young VIVIAN elected premier; percent of Legislative Assembly vote - Young VIVIAN (NPP) 70%, Hunukitama HUNUKI (AI) 30%	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by the Australian governor general head of government: Administrator Neil LUCAS (since 30 January 2006) elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; administrator appointed by the governor general of Australia and represents the monarch and Australia
Exports	NA (2001)	$NA
Exports - commodities	canned coconut cream, copra, honey, vanilla, passion fruit products, pawpaws, root crops, limes, footballs, stamps, handicrafts	phosphate
Exports - partners	NZ mainly, Fiji, Cook Islands, Australia (2000)	Australia, NZ (2004)
Fiscal year	1 April - 31 March	1 July - 30 June
Flag description	yellow with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the flag of the UK bears five yellow five-pointed stars - a large one on a blue disk in the center and a smaller one on each arm of the bold red cross	territorial flag; divided diagonally from upper hoist to lower fly; the upper triangle is green with a yellow image of the Golden Bosun Bird superimposed, while the lower triangle is blue with the Southern Cross constellation, representing Australia, superimposed; a centered yellow disk displays a green map of the island; the flag of Australia is used for official purposes
GDP	purchasing power parity - $7.6 million (2000 est.)	-
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: 55%	-
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $3,600 (2000 est.)	-
GDP - real growth rate	-0.3% (2000 est.)	-
Geographic coordinates	19 02 S, 169 52 W	10 30 S, 105 40 E
Geography - note	one of world's largest coral islands	located along major sea lanes of Indian Ocean
Highways	total: 234 km paved: 86 km unpaved: 148 km (2001)	-
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	-
Imports	NA (2001)	$NA
Imports - commodities	food, live animals, manufactured goods, machinery, fuels, lubricants, chemicals, drugs	consumer goods
Imports - partners	NZ mainly, Fiji, Japan, Samoa, Australia, US (2000)	principally Australia (2004)
Independence	on 19 October 1974, Niue became a self-governing parliamentary government in free association with New Zealand	none (territory of Australia)
Industrial production growth rate	NA%	-
Industries	tourism, handicrafts, food processing	tourism, phosphate extraction (near depletion)
Infant mortality rate	total: NA% male: NA% female: NA%	total: NA male: NA female: NA
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	1% (1995)	-
International organization participation	ACP, ESCAP (associate), FAO, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UNESCO, WHO, WMO	none
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	1 (2000)	-
Irrigated land	NA sq km	NA
Judicial branch	Supreme Court of New Zealand; High Court of Niue	Supreme Court; District Court; Magistrate's Court
Labor force	NA	NA
Labor force - by occupation	most work on family plantations; paid work exists only in government service, small industry, and the Niue Development Board	-
Land boundaries	0 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 19.23% permanent crops: 7.69% other: 73.08% (1998 est.)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (mainly tropical rainforest; 63% of the island is a national park) (2005)
Languages	Niuean, a Polynesian language closely related to Tongan and Samoan; English	English (official), Chinese, Malay
Legal system	English common law note: Niue is self-governing, with the power to make its own laws	under the authority of the governor general of Australia and Australian law
Legislative branch	unicameral Legislative Assembly (20 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms; six elected from a common roll and 14 are village representatives) elections: last held 21 March 2002 (next to be held in March 2005) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NPP 9, independents 11; note - all 20 seats were reelected	unicameral Christmas Island Shire Council (9 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: held every two years with half the members standing for election; last held in May 2005 (next to be held in May 2007) election results: percent of vote - NA; seats - independents 9
Life expectancy at birth	total population: NA years male: NA years female: NA years (2003 est.)	total population: NA male: NA female: NA
Literacy	definition: NA total population: 95% male: NA% female: NA%	NA
Location	Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Tonga	Southeastern Asia, island in the Indian Ocean, south of Indonesia
Map references	Oceania	Southeast Asia
Maritime claims	exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM	territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 12 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine	none (2002 est.)	-
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of New Zealand	defense is the responsibility of Australia
Military branches	no regular indigenous military forces; Police Force	-
National holiday	Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840)	Australia Day, 26 January (1788)
Nationality	noun: Niuean(s) adjective: Niuean	noun: Christmas Islander(s) adjective: Christmas Island
Natural hazards	typhoons	the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard
Natural resources	fish, arable land	phosphate, beaches
Net migration rate	NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)	NA
Political parties and leaders	Niue People's Action Party or NPP [Young VIVIAN]; Alliance of Independents or AI [leader NA]	none
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	none
Population	2,145 (July 2003 est.)	1,493 (July 2006 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%	-
Population growth rate	0.01% (2003 est.)	0% (2006 est.)
Ports and harbors	none; offshore anchorage only	-
Radio broadcast stations	AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998)	AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 0 (2006)
Railways	0 km	-
Religions	Ekalesia Niue (Niuean Church - a Protestant church closely related to the London Missionary Society) 75%, Latter-Day Saints 10%, other 15% (mostly Roman Catholic, Jehovah's Witnesses, Seventh-Day Adventist)	Buddhist 36%, Muslim 25%, Christian 18%, other 21% (1997)
Sex ratio	NA (2003 est.)	NA
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	-
Telephone system	domestic: single-line telephone system connects all villages on island international: NA	general assessment: service provided by the Australian network domestic: GSM mobile telephone service replaced older analog system in February 2005 international: country code - 61-8; satellite earth stations - one INTELSAT earth station provides telephone and telex service (2005)
Telephones - main lines in use	376 (1991)	NA
Telephones - mobile cellular	0 (1991)	NA
Television broadcast stations	1 (1997)	0; note - TV broadcasts received via satellite from mainland Australia (2006)
Terrain	steep limestone cliffs along coast, central plateau	steep cliffs along coast rise abruptly to central plateau
Total fertility rate	NA children born/woman (2003 est.)	NA
Unemployment rate	NA%	-
Waterways	none	-

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